What is federalism?

 

﷽✍ What is federalism?

Many Countries Adopt Federalism To Manage Ethnic Diversity Within Their Borders And Help Promote Unity. There Are 25 Federal Countries Globally, Representing 40% Of the World’s Population Today, 5 Of Them Are On The African Continent.

There are several types of federalism, including: 

★ ★ Balance federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★ Unitary federalism:-  A type of federalism 

★ ★ Segmented federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★ Accommodation federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★Cooperative federalism:-

 A model of federalism where the federal and state governments work together to create and administer public policy 

★ ★ Holding together federation:-A type of federalism 

where the central government has more power than the states.

This federalism In Africa Is A five African Countries 

Ethiopia 🇪🇹, Nigeria 🇳🇬, Somalia 🇸🇴, 

South Africa 🇿🇦 South Sudan 🇸🇸 

These Five States Adopted A Federal Order Considering Identity (Ethnicity/Race/Clan/Religion), To A Varying Extent, In Redrawing Internal Boundaries, They Attempted To Manage Ethnic Conflict By Allowing Territorial Groups To Exercise Some Degree Of Self-Rule. 

These African States Face Problems Of Territorial Governance, Such a As Territories Contested Among Ethnonationalities, Self-Rule Demands, And Disagreement On State Structure And Territorial Distribution Of Powers. These States Adopted A Divergent Approach To Handling Territorial Politics Under Conditions Of Ethnic Diversity. Territorial Politics Refers To The Relationship Between Geographical Centers And Peripheries And The Horizontal And Vertical Interface Of Spatially Circumscribed Sites Of Political Authority.

Nigeria 🇳🇬, Ethiopia 🇪🇹, And South Africa 🇿🇦 

Are Matured Federations, Somalia 🇸🇴  And South Sudan 🇸🇸 

 Are Evolving Federations Essential To Illuminating The Politics Of Federalism In Post-Conflict Settings.

✿ Nigeria 🇳🇬

Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914.

✿ Ethiopia 🇪🇹

Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Features of ethnic federalism have been displayed also in other countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, South Sudan, Yugoslavia, and Apartheid-era South Africa.

✿ South Africa 🇿🇦

A contingency model for constitutional development in South Africa is presented. Federalism is superior to unitarism in resolving South Africa's constitutional dilemma. However, neither federation nor confederation are considered appropriate. A third form of federalism is developed from the model which is termed “cofederation”.

 It combines characteristics of both federation and confederation in a hybrid interstate‐intrastate dispensation.

✿ Somalia 🇸🇴 

Dual Federalism - It provided for a clear division of power between the federal and state governments, as described earlier. Two Supreme Court

✿ South Sudan 🇸🇸 

This article spotlights existing debates under the on-going constitutional design process on the type of federalism South Sudan should adopt. 

It is a debate with varying and potentially divisive perspectives. 

Dominant proposals in these debates are territorial and ethnic federalism.

 Somalia Also Is Different From 4 Other Africa Countries Because It Is A Country With One Ethnic, One Language, One Religion, But Has Divided Politics Of Tribalism And Somalia Adopted Federalism In 2004.

Also Ethiopia Adopted Federalism In 1991 When The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) A Coalition Of Four Major Parties Came To Power Between 1991 And 2019 The EPRDF Tightly Controlled Regional Governments, It Suppressed Any Demands For Self-Rule. The Coming To Power Of Abiy Ahmed In 2018 Helped Open Up The Political Space And Today Are 12 regions In The Country And Also Ethiopia It Celebrates Today 7, December 2024 The 19th Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities And Peoples Day in Arbaminc city.

However, These African Countries That Have Adopted The Federalism System.

 Two Of Them Are In The Horn of Africa Somalia, And Ethiopia But Different Federalism.

Proxy War In Somalia

                    

Dagaalka Soo Socda Cidna Kama Hadlayso !

      dagaal wakiilnimo! (Proxy War)

Dhibaatadu waxay leedahay geeso la qabto laakiin ma leh dabo la qabto.

 Maah-maahdan Soomaaliyeed oo soo jeedinaysa in masiibada laga hortegi karo balse aan si sahal ah loo xakameyn karin. Ayaa hadda dareemaysa in Bariga Afrika ay aad ugu habboon tahay. 

 Dhib ayaa xaqiiqdii timid.  Waxaa mahad iska leh ra’iisul wasaare Abiy Axmed ee hamiga dhul balaarsiga ee Itoobiya iyo nashqadaha hagar la’aanta ah.

 Geeska Afrika waxa uu qarka u saaran yahay dagaal wiiqi kara gobolka iyo dib u soo kabashada caalamka intiisa kale.

  Waa in la joojiyaa ka hor intaysan holaca ayna is qabsan.

 Waxa colaada kiciyey waa dareenka Abiy ee ku wajahan in Itoobiya laga dhigo dal xeebeed.  

Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, 

wuxuu caddeeyay in Itoobiya aysan ku sii jiri karin bad la’aan.

 Ayna tahay in ay galaan badda, wada xaajood ama xoog.  Soomaaliya oo ah dalka ugu liita shanta wadan ee xeebta ah ee xuduudka la leh Itoobiya ayaa ahaa bartilmaameedka cad.

  1-dii Jannaayo, Mr. Abiy waxa uu heshiis is-afgarad ah la saxeexday madaxweynaha Somaliland, jamhuuriyadda iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbannaanida ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya.  Si ay si rasmi ah u ictiraafaan Somaliland, Itoobiya waxay ka heli doontaa gacanka cadmeed saldhig ciidan oo 12 mile ah.  

Si kastaba ha ahaatee in kasta oo cadaadis caalami ah, gaar ahaan maamulka Biden.

 Mr. Abiy uu ku adkaystay.  

Waxa uu u muuqdaa in uu aaminsan yahay in hadda la joogo waqtigii ku haboonaa ee uu qorshihiisa fulin lahaa, maadaama Soomaaliya ay la daalaa dhacayso kacdoono xagjir ah, dowladda Mareykankana ay ku mashquulisay doorashooyin iyo colaado ka socda Bariga Dhexe iyo Yurub. 

 Guusha suurtagalka ah ee Donald Trump, oo sida muuqata Mr. Abiy uu rajaynayo inuu taageero ama aan dan ka lahayn falkiisa, waa faa'iido kale.

Tani waxay xadgudub cad ku ahayd madax-banaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee Soomaaliya, iyadoo dib loo xasuusanayo taariikhda burburka ee Itoobiya ee faragelinta dalka.  Soomaaliya ayaa isla markiiba diiday qoraalkaas, waxayna qaaday weerar diblumaasiyadeed, iyadoo u sharraxday dowlad goboleedyada iyo quwadaha caalamiga ah in Itoobiya ay waddooyin sharci darro ah ku dooneyso inay ku maamusho dhulka Soomaaliya.  Qaramada Midoobay, Midowga Afrika, Mareykanka iyo Midowga Yurub ayaa dhammaantood taageeray mowqifka Soomaaliya, iyagoo ku nuux-nuuxsaday sida ay lagama maarmaanka u tahay in la ixtiraamo xudduudaha la sameeyay iyo madax-bannaanida qaranka.

Soomaaliya, dhankeeda, waxaa ay ku hanjabtay in ay ka saari doonto ciidamada Itoobiya ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Afrikaanka ah ee ku sugan gudaha dalka, si geesinimo leh.

 waxa ay ansixisay heshiis difaac ah oo ay la gashay Masar bishii Luulyo - iyada oo ku dartay mid ay horraantii sanadka la saxiixatay Turkiga. 

 Ankara waxay soo gashay dhexdhexaadin balse way u suurtoobi wayday inay xal u hesho. 

 Iyadoo labada dhinacba ay is khilaafeen, gobolka Geeska Afrika ayaa ku fadhiya bam waqti kasta qarxi kara.

Look at the hypocrisy of the United Nations! & Blaming Puntland

             

Look at the hypocrisy of the United Nations!  & Blaming Puntland

 Bal munaafaqnimadaan qaramada midoobay eega! Puntland caruur ayay toogatay ku lahaa!!

Waligiin ma aragteen iyaga oo hal maalinna ka hadlaya sidii loo xasuuqay indheergararkii reer Gaalkacyood?

Gaalkacyo waxaa lagu dilay oday dhaqameedyo, suxufiyiin, saraakiil, hooyooyin iyo ganacsato. Hal maalin ayaa Gaalkacyo lagu dilay Jeneraalkii qeybta 21-aad, taliyihii danab ee gobollada Mudug iyo Galgaduud, taliye kuxigeenkii qeybta 21-aad, 4 gaashaanle sare, duqii hore ee degmada Gaalkacyo iyo tobanaan shacab ah.

Israa'iilyiinta caruurta shacabka ee carbeed xasuuqay waligood iyagoo ka hadlaya yaa arkay marka laga reebo in ay yabooh dhaqaale ku raadiyaan.

Siddeeydaba aniga waxyaabaha aan la igu gaadi doonin waxaa kamid ah mashruuca la baxay xaquuqul insaanka iyo bulshada rayidka ah.

Elman, Abdulkadir Yahye kadib soo kuwa Ururada xuquuqul insaanka noo sheegan jiray maahan Xasan Shiikh iyo Jibril-Jaajuus ninka soomaalidu u bixisay oo labaduba maanta ay caro iyo ciil la gubanayaan haddii ay arkaan afkaar tooda ka soo horjeeda oo shirqool iyo afduub shaqo kama dhigan?

SOMALIA’S CHAMELEONIC POLITICIANS

 

  DAACADNIMADA IYO AAMINAADA SHACABKA WAR-MOOGGA AH WAA QALABKA AY KU ADEEGTAAN SIYAASIINTA JIR-JIROOLAYAASHA AH (CHAMELEONIC POLITICIANS).

Qore :- Avv. Khalif M Duale

Burburka dowladii dhexe iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee dalka ka dhacay kadib, ayaa sabab u noqday in shacabka Soomaaliyeed kala irdhoobaan, la is-aamini waayo, 

Koox kasta ee dalka taladiisa la wareegta ay noqdaan ciil-qabayaal dagaalada iyo colaadii sokeeye ay saameeyn xun ku yeelatay, 

Kuna dhiirada in ay ku ciil-baxaan kuwa ay colaadda siyaasadda ay intii muddo ah kala dhaxaysay.

Marka aad si qoto dheer ugu kuur-gashid hab-dhaqanka go'aanada ay madaxda qaarkood gaarayaan, 

Waa kuwo u qaab eg hab-dhaqanka qab-qablayaasha dagaalka (warlords) iyo ficilada xanafta leh ee ka soo yeeraya mar walba loona soo dhiibaayo af-hayeenada dowlada sida waa idin "xaaqaynaa" dabaabaad iyo drones ayaa kor idinka ilaalinaaya, cagaf-cagafyo ayaan idin dul-marsiinaynaa iyo hadalo colaad iyo nacayb xambaarsan laguna dhaga hadlaayo shacabka ay dowladda u yihiin.

Hoggaamiyaha la doorto marka uu lumiyo saldhiga taageeradiisa (political base) hilmaamo xuquuqda dastuuriga ah ee muwaadiniinta Soomaaliyeed ay ku leeyihiin dalka, ula dhaqmo shacabka sida in ay yihiin muwadiniin labaad (second-class citizens) xuquuq dastuuri ah aysan ku lahayn dalka, ka door bido xuquuqda miskiin iyo dan-yar leeyihiin midda ganacsatada xarbul-taajiriinta danleey ah ayaa waxa ay abuuri karta in shaki wayn uu galo in muddo xileedka madaxda dalka ay si salmi ah ku dhammaysan karaan. 

Mas'uuliyiinta dalka ma ku baraarugsana  in nidaamka dowladnimo iyo dastuurka dalka la ixtiraamo,

 Waayo madaxda shakhsi ahaantooda ma ahan kuwo ka badbaaday saamaynta colaada sokeeye ay ku reebtay fikirkooda colaadinta iyo gacan-togaalaynta kooxaha ay ku kala irdhoobeen dagaalada sokeeye. 

Madaxda ka arrimisa dalka intooda badan waxa ay si toos ah ama si dadban go'aanadooda saldhig uga dhigaan in ay ku aargutaan dowladnimada iyo jaaniska ay waqtigaan xaadirka ah ay haystaan sida horay u dhacday in madaxdii dalka soo martay ay ku sifoobeen aargudasho aan la mahadin. 

Dalka Soomaaliya wali ma ka dhicin heshisiin (conciliation) iyo dib-u-hishisiin (reconciliation) dhab ah, middaas ee abuuri karta jawi la is-aamino, lana dhiso calool-fiyoobi (confidence building measures) saameeysa dhammaan shacabka Soomaaliya.

Markii aadan xisaabtamin, koox kasta si laab-la-kac iyo qar-iska-tuurnimo ah aad ku taageertid, lagu adeegsado, lagugu owr-kacsado, noqotid ma liibaane lagu liibaanay, filo in dowladnimada lagugu dulminaayo iyo ihaano nuuc kasta ha noqotee. waayo jiilalka dalka hormuudka ka ah waa kuwo ku barbaaray ama siyaasadda indha ku-kala qaaday waqtiyada dagaalada sokeeye ay dalka ka socdeen,

 wax walba iyo go'aan kasta ku jaangooya aargudasho. 

Xikmad hore  ayaa ku leh "Aaminaadda qofka daacadda ah waa qalabka uu ku duulo qofka been-loowga ah."

Shacabka Soomaaliyeed waa in ay taxadar wayn ka muujiyaan siyaasiinta danleeyda ah in aysan mar dambe ka faa'idaysan niyad-samida iyo daacdnimada shacabka Soomaaliyeed ay u qabaan madax daacad u ah dalkooda hooyo.

Madaxda Soomaalida waa in lagu suubiyo baaritaan dheer (back-ground check) mas'uuliyiinta dalka garwadeenka ka noqonaysa mustaqbilka si mar dambe aan loogu sirmin ama la hubiyo in ay nadiif ka yihiin wixii xumaa ee shalay laga wada shallaayay. 

The trust of the innocent is the liar's most useful tool". Stephen King.

Ugu dambayn, waxaan ku waani lahaa ururada bulshada qaybaheeda kala duwan, waxgaradka Soomaaliyeed, culumaa'u-diinka, aqoon-yahanada in la dhiso hay'ad ka shaqsysa hishisiin dhab ah  (conciliation) waayo, waxa ay hay'adaha kale ee dowladda ku mash-quulsan yihiin waa dib-u-hishisiin (reconciliation) aan miro-dhal ahayn waqtigeedana la gaarin.

Badbaada Allah,

Qore :- Avv. Khalif M Duale

Xiriirka Qarsoon Ee Iran 🇮🇷 & western ka.

          

﷽✍ Xiriirka Qarsoon Ee Iran 🇮🇷 & western ka.

Wax in la ogaado ayaa ka fiican inaan la aqoon, welina waxaa jira kuwa aan aqoonin xogtaan Oo kale !!

*Xog Aan Cidina Ogayn*

*** Soddon sano ayay Ameerika iyo Israa'iil u hanjabeen Iraan, laakiin waxay weeraryeen Carabta.  ma garaneysaa sababta?!!!*

  ❌Sababtu waa: Wargeyska Yedioth Ahronoth wuxuu leeyahay: Mugga maalgashiga Israa'iil ee dhulka Iran wuxuu kor u dhaafaa in ka badan 30 bilyan oo doolar, inkasta oo si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay dagaalka labada dhinac ah.

  ❌ Yedioth Ahronoth waxa kale oo uu leeyahay: 

Ugu yaraan 200 oo shirkadood oo Israa’iiliyiin ah ayaa xidhiidh ganacsi la leh Iran.

Kuwaas oo intooda badan ah shirkado shidaal oo maal-gashi ku sameeya dhinaca tamarta ee gudaha Iran.

  ❌ Tirada Yuhuuda Iran ee ku sugan Israa’iil ayaa kor u dhaaftay 200,000.  

Waxay amarro ka qaataan maamulkooda Iran.

Chief Rabbi Yedidia Shovt, oo aad ugu dhow taliyayaasha Iran, gaar ahaan Jafari.

 Dadkani waxay saameyn ballaaran ku leeyihiin ganacsiga, qandaraasyada dadweynaha, iyo siyaasadda, waxayna saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin hoggaanka ciidamada Iran.

  ❌ Kaniisadaha Yuhuuda ee Tehran oo kaliya waxay kor u dhaafeen 200 oo machad. Halka Sunniga Tehraan ay tiradoodu tahay 25 milyan.  Looma ogola inay ku tukadaan masaajida, mana laha masaajid ku yaala caasimadda Tehran iyo magaalooyinka waaweyn.

  ❌ Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Iran iyo rabbaaniyiinta ( Rabbis) Yuhuuda ee gudaha Israa'iil iyo Ameerika waa wadaadka Iran ee la yiraahdo Rabbi Uriel Dawidi Sal.

  ❌ Yuhuuda Kanada, Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska, waxa ku nool 17,000 oo Yuhuudi Iraniyiin ah oo leh shirkado waaweyn oo shidaal iyo saamiyo, kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan xubno ka tirsan Aqalka Baarlamaanka (Lords).

  ❌ Iran ayaa ka faa’iidaysata Yahuudda ku nool Maraykanka iyada oo u marta Lobby-ka Yuhuuda iyada oo maamulka Maraykanka ku cadaadinaysa in ay ka hortagto weeraro ka dhan ah Iran.

 Si ay u hesho iskaashi wada jir ah oo ay Iran siiso shirkadaha Yuhuuda.

  ❌ Yuhuuda Maraykanka ee ku nool USA, 12,000 ka mid ah waxay ka soo jeedaan Iran.

Waxayna yihiin hormuudka ololaha Yuhuuda, oo ay ku jiraan xubno badan oo ka tirsan Congress-ka iyo Senate-ka.

❌ Yuhuuda Iran ayaa leh idaacado laga sii daayo gudaha Israa’iil, oo ay ku jirto Radiesse Radio.

 Oo loo arko idaacad isku dhafan ah dalka Iran 🇮🇷  iyo Israel 🇮🇱 

Waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin idaacado ay kharashka ku bixiyaan dawladda Iran.

  ❌ Ku dhawaad ​​30,000 oo Yuhuud ah ayaa ku sugan dalka Iran.

Waxaana Iran lagu tiriyaa dalka ugu badan ee Yuhuuda ku badan tahaydalalka Carabta,

Marka laga reebo dawladda Israa’iil, mana aysan jarin xidhiidhkii ay la lahaayeen qaraabadooda ku sugan Israa’iil.

  ❌ Culimaa'uddiinka ugu sarreeya Yuhuudda ee Israa'iil waa Iiraaniyiin Isfahan ah. (Synagogue.)

Waxay saameyn ballaaran ku leeyihiin gudaha hay'adaha diinta iyo kuwa milatariga waxayna ku xiran yihiin Iran iyada oo loo marayo rabbiiga (Synagogue.)Isfahan.

  ❌ Wasiirka Difaaca Israel Shaul Mofaz ayaa ah Yuhuudi Iiraani ah oo ka soo jeeda (Synagogue.)Isfahan, Waana mid ka mid ah dadka sida aadka ah uga soo horjeeda ciidamada Israa’iil ee haga duqeymaha ka dhanka ah xarumaha Nukliyeerka ee Iran.

  ❌ Madaxweynaha Israa’iil Moshe Katsav waa Yuhuudi Iiraani ah oo reer (Synagogue.) Isfahan  ah, Wuxuuna xiriir saaxiibtinimo iyo diirran la leeyahay Axmadi Najad, Khamenei iyo madaxda ilaalada kacaanka, sababta oo ah waa Yuhuudi Iiraani ah.

  ❌ Yahuudda adduunka ayaa u soo xajeeysadda dalka Iran.

Sababta oo ah waxaa ku jira meydka Benyaamiin (Benjamin) oo la dhashay Nebi Yuusuf NNKH, waxaana Yuhuudda Israa’iil jaceylka Iiraan uu ka badan yahay jacaylka ay u qabaan magaalada Qudus.

  ❌ Yuhuuddu waxay Iran ka xurmeeyaan in ka badan Falastiin sababtoo ah waa dalka Shushandakht, oo ah xaaska Yuhuudda ee daacadda ah ee Boqor Yazdegerd 1, 

Waxayna leedahay macbad ay Yuhuudda adduunka oo dhan ku soo aadaan xajka.

  ❌ Iraanta Yuhuudda waa dhulkii Cyrus. badbaadiyahoodii, waxaana ku jira macbadka quduuska ah ee "Stromordechai."  Waa halkan markii Nebi(Daniel) "Daanyeel" ku dhintay oo Nebi "Xabakuk" lagu aasay.  Dhammaantood waa nebiyo xurmo u ah Yuhuudda.

❌ Maxay Israa'iil u dili la'dahay Xasan Nasrallah iyada oo diyaaradaheedu ay dul heehaabayaan gurigiisa oo ku yaalla xaafadda Beyruut.

 Halka Falastiin ay ku laayaan hoggaamiyeyaasha wax iska caabinta xitaa haddii ay masaajidda ku jiraan?!  ..

  ❌Sidee bay Iran ugu suurto gashay inay Carabta ku khiyaanto cadaawadda ay u qabto Israa’iil,

 Iyadoo shirkadaha Israa’iil ay door bidayaan inay maalgashadaan gudaha Iran. Iyaga oo adeegsanaya in ka badan 200 oo shirkadood oo Israa’iil ah!!  ..

  ❌ Ugu dambeyn, ma ogtahay in saddex meelood labo meel ciidamada Israa’iil ay yihiin Yahuudda Iiraan. Meelaha ugu badanna ay ku jiraan Yahuudda Iiraan, Iiraanna ay u aragto in ay yihiin muwaadiniin soo galooti ah?!

  ❌ Si aad xog u heshid akhri xadiithkan cajiibka ah 👈 waxaa laga weriyey Anas bin Maalik allaah haka raalli noqdee inuu yiri: Rasuulku (scw) wuxuu yiri:- Todobaatan kun oo Yahuud ah.  Isfahan wuxuu raaci doonaa kan Masiixa ka geesta ah, isagoo xidhan khamiis.”  waxaa wariyey Muslim.(.

  💥 Xusuusin: Aasaasihii mad-habta Jacfari ee laba iyo tobnaad waa nin Yuhuudi ah oo reer Yemen ah oo la odhan jiray “Ibnu Saba”.  Ilaahay ha barakeeyo wajigiisa.  

Waa nin yuhuudi sheegtay in uu islaamku ku beeray fitnada iyo kala qaybinta muslimiinta dhexdooda.

  Qorid :- Shideelo_Ciid 

Badbado Consultant Bureau 

Current Sad Issues in the Somali Federal Republic

       

﷽ ✍ This amazing text of the argument as written by THE THIRD STRENGTH (X3)

 ★ ★ Current Sad Issues in the Country Somali Federal Republic 

 1. The constitution that President Hassan implemented is characterized by 4 critical points:

  ✿ President took over executive power.

 ✿ Weak parliament.

 ✿ Weak prime minister, with no immunity.

 ✿ An election process tailored to the wishes of the President.

 2. The Puntland regional government, which was the backbone of the government building process, has broken down, and the opposition forces are on alert.

 3. The number and quality of the National Army is very poor, due to bad leadership and the losses suffered by Al-Shabaab.

 4. Ethiopia is determined to separate Somalia and take strategic parts of the Somali region.

 ★ ★These four points are the reality in the country today.

 Explosives and Potential Damage:

 1. The country is badly divided. According to reliable information, South West is next to Puntland which will also take a "self-consultation" decision. Jubaland will be affected, which will also deviate from the Federal Government, due to the desire of Ahmed Madobe and his political destiny against the DFS policy.

 2. Civil war resulting from the growing conflict related to the constitution and the electoral process. The first places where the war will break out are Mogadishu and Galmudug. It is possible that there will be a flood in the South West, if the Laftagareen opposition gets forces to send them from the interior or the leaders of the KG opposition get a chance to reach the interior of the KG. However, Laftagareen will close the air, and Ethiopia will support it. This is a stage that will remind us of the 1991 awards.

 3. Al-Shabaab taking over the country due to the failure of the national army, the disintegration of the country, threats from foreigners and bad leadership. If this happens, then we will begin the calculation from a similar but worse and more complicated period of Islamic rule.

 4. President Hassan who agrees to negotiate after it fails, the country continues to divide, Al-Shabaab grows stronger, and the situation seems to be a big threat to outsiders.

 ★ ★ Then there will be 3 critical issues:

 ✿ Puntland and other parts of the opposition will demand international mediation and Somalis who used to decide their own destiny will disappear. So we start the story from 2010-2012 and the time when the interim constitution was being negotiated, and there was foreign intervention that affected the structure of the interim constitution.

 ✿ Very serious issues that arise in the negotiations, such as agreeing on the capital of Somalia. Puntland is one of the parties that will bring this article to the negotiation table. This will complicate the talks and create new discussions and re-opening of principles that Somalis have already agreed upon. We will then return to a stage similar to 1958-1960, when the principles of the country's first constitution were agreed upon.

 ✿ Prolonged debates and going into the election period without anything being agreed upon, which leads to instability, uncertainty and the collapse of the central pillar of the federation.

 ★ ★ This danger can be avoided only by two points �� 

 1. President Hassan suspended the 4 chapters of the constitution he signed. His legal path is simple and based on the interest of the country.

 2. The president who works seriously in an inclusive negotiation process, as soon as possible

Treasury Designates Transnational al-Shabaab Money Laundering Network

        

         

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Treasury Designates Transnational al-Shabaab Money Laundering Network

March 11, 2024

WASHINGTON — Today, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on 16 entities and individuals who compose an expansive business network spanning the Horn of Africa, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Cyprus that raises and launders funds for al-Shabaab, a terrorist group affiliated with al-Qa’ida.  Individuals within this network include influential businesspeople in the region that lend financial backing to al-Shabaab, a terrorist group responsible for some of the worst terrorist attacks in East Africa’s modern history.  These attacks have claimed the lives of thousands of innocent civilians.  These individuals and entities are being designated pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13224, as amended, which targets terrorist groups and their enablers.    

“The United States is committed to working with regional partners to root out terror financing networks and the entities they abuse to raise and move funds,” said Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Brian E. Nelson. “Today’s action is part of a multifaceted effort by Treasury to support the Somali government’s economic offensive against al-Shabaab—one of three pillars in their campaign to degrade this deadly terrorist group.” 

Al-Shabaab generates over $100 million per year by extorting local businesses and individuals, as well as through the financial support of affiliated businesspeople.  The threat posed by al-Shabaab is not limited to Somalia.  Al-Shabaab’s revenues are disbursed to other al-Qa’ida-supported groups worldwide and help fund al-Qa’ida’s global ambitions to sow discord and undermine good governance.  This action continues Treasury’s efforts to disrupt al-Shabaab’s abuse of the regional financial system and builds on OFAC’s October 2022 designation of a network of al-Shabaab financial facilitators who served as key interlocutors between al-Shabaab and local businesses in Somalia.  

AL-SHABAAB MONEY LAUNDERERS IN THE UAE AND EASTERN AFRICA

The network of individuals and entities designated today have been involved in the raising and laundering of millions of dollars through several businesses at the direction and in the interest of al-Shabaab.

Dubai-based Haleel Commodities L.L.C., also known as Haleel Group, is a key financial facilitator for al-Shabaab, which relies on the leaders of Haleel Group, as well as its branches and subsidiaries in Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, and Cyprus to generate and launder funds.  Haleel Group’s subsidiaries in Cyprus include Haleel Finance LTD, Haleel Holdings, and Haleel LTD; the group also has branches in Kenya (Haleel Commodities Limited) and Uganda (Haleel Commodities LTD) and operates as Haleel Electronics in Somalia. 

UAE-based Qemat Al Najah General Trading has served as an important money laundering node in the network, and helped  manage and transfer funds for al-Shabaab in connection with Haleel Group.

Kenya-based Faysal Yusuf Dini (Dini) is an al-Shabaab financial facilitator who leverages Haleel Group and some of its leadership to transfer funds on behalf of al-Shabaab.  He also works closely with Kenya-based Mohamed Jumale Ali Awale (Awale) to plan investment projects and money laundering activities.  This includes managing al-Shabaab funds laundered through investment projects and companies, including through Kenya-based Crown Bus Services.  Crown Bus Services has also supported al-Shabaab’s logistical operations. 

Hassan Abdirahman Mahamed, a Finland-based Somali citizen, uses money transfer and hawala businesses to support al-Shabaab’s money laundering operations linked to the network of Haleel Group and Qemat Al Najah General Trading.  UAE-based Mohamed Artan Robel is another member of this money laundering network supporting al-Shabaab through the Haleel Group and Qemat Al Najah General Trading.  Abdikarin Farah Mohamed is a Somalia-based key member of this money laundering network. 

Farhan Hussein Hayder (Hayder) directs and manages Haleel Group’s branches in Kenya, Uganda, Cyprus, and the UAE, and supports al-Shabaab by generating funds for the group through these businesses. 

A notable part of this network is active in Uganda.  Specifically, Abdulkadir Omar Abdullahi (Abdullahi), is associated with Haleel Group’s Uganda branch as its director, along with Omar Sheikh Ali Hilowle (Hilowle) and Hayder.  In his role, Abdullahi has managed and transferred funds for al-Shabaab. 

Farhan Hussein Hayder, Mohamed Jumale Ali Awale, Abdulkadir Omar Abdullahi, and Qemat Al Najah General Trading are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for having acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, al-Shabaab, a person whose property is and interest in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13224. 

Faysal Yusuf Dini, Omar Sheikh Ali Hilowle, Abdikarin Farah Mohamed, and Mohamed Artan Robel are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, al-Shabaab, a person whose property and interest in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13224. 

Hassan Abdirahman Mahamed is being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, Haleel Commodities L.L.C., a person whose property and interest in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.

UAE-based Haleel Commodities L.L.C., is being designated pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended, for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, al-Shabaab, a person whose property and interest in property are blocked pursuant to E.O. 13224.

Cyprus-based Haleel Finance LTD, Haleel Holdings, and Haleel LTD are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13244, as amended, for being owned, controlled, or directed by, directly or indirectly, Haleel Commodities L.L.C., a person whose property and interest in property are proposed to be blacked pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.

Kenya-based Haleel Commodities Limited and Crown Bus Services are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13244, as amended, for being owned, controlled, or directed by, directly or indirectly, Mohamed Jumale Ali Awale, a person whose property and interest in property are proposed to be blacked pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.

Uganda-based Haleel Commodities LTD is being designated pursuant to E.O. 13244, as amended, for being owned, controlled, or directed by, directly or indirectly, Farhan Hussein Hayder, a person whose property and interest in property are proposed to be blacked pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.

SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS

As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the individuals and entities named above, and of any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more by them, individually, or with other blocked persons, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons must be blocked and reported to OFAC.  OFAC’s regulations generally prohibit all dealings by U.S. persons or within the United States (including transactions transiting the United States) that involve any property or interests in property of designated or blocked persons.  

Furthermore, engaging in certain transactions with the individuals designated today entails risk of secondary sanctions pursuant to E.O. 13224, as amended.  Pursuant to this authority, OFAC can prohibit or impose strict conditions on the opening or maintaining in the United States of a correspondent account or a payable-through account of a foreign financial institution that knowingly conducted or facilitated any significant transaction on behalf of a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.

The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC’s ability to designate and add persons to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons (SDN) List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law.  The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior.  For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to OFAC’s Frequently Asked Question 897 here. For detailed information on the process to submit a request for removal from an OFAC sanctions list, please click here.

View identifying information related to today’s action.

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